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Heartburn, sour burps, and acid reflux are clear signs of **Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)**, commonly known as acid reflux disease. GERD has become one of the most prevalent conditions globally, especially in Western countries, where the incidence rate is relatively high, averaging around 50-60%. In Thailand, working-age individuals are increasingly experiencing GERD, and the trend continues to rise. What exactly causes this condition, and are there effective treatments available?
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In the year 2023, hypertension ranked as the leading disease among Thai people using the Universal Coverage Scheme for treatment. Surveys also found that among Thais aged 15 and older, the prevalence of this condition is as high as 25.4%, with an increasing trend with age.
Although many people can live their daily lives normally, the danger of this disease is that it often shows no symptoms in the early stages. It is therefore called a "silent threat" or "silent killer," gradually damaging health over time.
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Gumboro Disease in Poultry - Symptoms and Treatment
Pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of animals produce toxins or specific proteins that damage or impair the intestinal wall. This process affects the animal's immune system and can sometimes cause inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Common pathogens found in poultry and swine include Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., and Shigella spp.
(Referencing Wiriya, 2019). In this article, SAS focuses on a key pathogen in the broiler chicken industry: Escherichia coli (E. coli).
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