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Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. Commonly referred to as good bacteria, they help main

In today’s world, mental health disorders are increasingly prevalent, especially depression. According to data from the Department of Mental Health, over 1.5 million individuals aged 15 and above suffer from depression. This condition arises from an imbalance in neurotransmitters, specifically serotonin and norepinephrine, which are crucial for transmitting signals between nerve cells. Other contributing factors include emotions, feelings, thoughts, and perspectives. Depression is broadly categorized into two types: 1.Unipolar Depression: The individual experiences only depressive episodes. 2.Bipolar Disorder: The individual experiences extreme mood swings, including depressive episodes and periods of elevated mood.

Cattle are large animals with a complex digestive system consisting of four stomach compartments: the rumen, also known as the paunch; the reticulum, or honeycomb stomach; the omasum, or book stomach; and the abomasum, or true stomach. Each compartment has distinct functions, and each is home to a unique set of resident microorganisms.