HPV ภัยเงียบที่ผู้หญิงต้องรู้

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is an Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) that provides hope for couples facing infertility challenges . The procedure involves combining eggs and sperm in a laboratory setting and transferring the resulting embryo into the womans uterus to achieve pregnancy .

The world is home to a vast array of living organisms, numbering in the thousands or even millions, particularly microorganisms which are incredibly numerous. Currently, however, we can only study about 1% of all microorganisms on Earth. This leads to an important question: “What can we do with the microorganisms we have on hand?” To address this, the concept of a Microbe Bank was established. The Microbe Bank serves as a repository for the collection of microbial data and samples, aimed at conservation, research, and development purposes. Additionally, it supports the utilization of microorganisms in various fields such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental science. In Thailand, there is a National Biobank (NBT - National Biobank of Thailand), which has been established to preserve microorganisms for the long term and to support research aimed at developing the microbial economy. Proper management of the Microbe Bank must adhere to international standards, such as obtaining ISO9001 certification, which focuses on the quality of microbial samples, and ISO20387, which sets standards for biobank resource management.

Ruminants, or foregut fermenters, possess a digestive system structure that differs significantly from monogastric animals. Their digestive system is considerably longer, approximately 40 meters in length, compared to monogastric animals. This extended structure, with the stomach comprising the largest proportion, results in a prolonged digestion and nutrient absorption process. The stomach of ruminants is divided into four distinct compartments, each with specific names and unique characteristics.